![]() Furthermore, I show how the robot's presence, as previously hypothesised-can lead to a spatial restructuring resulting in a positive change in interpersonal relationships amongst collaborators. I highlight how introducing robots in both the domestic and industrial contexts into non-dyadic settings can lead to a fragmentation of previously coherent tasks while only some of the sub-tasks are automated. Secondly, I present several ways in which robots influence collaboration during non-dyadic Human-Robot Interaction. These characteristics include the ongoing paradigm shift from a dyadic focus towards a non-dyadic focus, three non-dyadic configurations within HRI (one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many) and an imbalance emphasising research involving one human interacting with multiple digital artefacts (one-to-many), a classification framework for non-dyadic Human-Robot Interaction, as well as empirical evidence showing the focus of non-dyadic HRI research on simultaneous over sequential interaction. Based on these five papers, this dissertation presents two primary contributions.įirstly, I identify characteristics of non-dyadic HRI through an investigation of 164 research papers. Lastly, Paper V presents a mixed-methods lab-based study investigating human group collaboration and identifies design considerations to improve non-dyadic human-robot collaboration. Paper II to IV present qualitative field studies in the domestic and industrial contexts. Paper I presents an empirical investigation of existing research on non-dyadic HRI over the last 15 years. This dissertation's contribution is based on five research papers. Specifically, I investigate two research questions focusing on i) the identification of existing characteristics of non-dyadic Human-Robot Interaction research and ii) the influence robots have on non-dyadic collaborative efforts. In this dissertation, I investigate characteristics of non-dyadic Human-Robot Interaction and collaboration. And while an abundance of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) literature has investigated dyadic interaction, non-dyadic HRI research, i.e., more than one human and one robot, has just recently begun to receive increasing attention. With the ever-increasing number of domains in which we encounter robots - be it in industry, airports, or the home - the opportunity to interact and collaborate with these grows. Index Terms-entrainment in mixed human-robot groups, industrial collaboration, non-dyadic HRC, synchronising with robots Lastly, we propose a follow-up study investigating how the mechanisms utilised in human-human entrainment can be replicated in an industrial robot, ultimately improving human-robot collaboration in mixed teams. We argue that the investigation of both dyadic and non-dyadic (i.e., triadic) configurations is essential, as this will give us insights into how, and if, the complexity of reaching temporal synchronisation through entrainment increases with additional actors. This paper proposes a study design to get new insights into how dyads and triads of human workers entrain in assembly tasks simulating the industrial context. However, few studies have investigated how groups of humans entrain with each other to acquire new knowledge transferable to human-robot collaboration. We believe that efficient entrainment in mixed human-robot teams can positively affect human-robot collaboration. In order to achieve efficient collaboration during task completion in groups, temporal alignment is essential, i.e., synchronisation. Finally, we provide practical suggestions for examining and supporting organizations and users in their adoption of cobots. By reconsidering what collaboration means in the workplace with cobots, we propose the concept of bounded collaboration, which means that the anticipated collaboration is manifested in a partial and limited manner within a collaborative technology. ![]() ![]() By synthesizing diverse stakeholders' perspectives, we present a set of main findings key roles of a few supportive production workers during the adoption of cobots a fragmentation of work tasks and the resulting loss of job identity among workers the disunified meaning of "collaboration" which is under constant development and the collaborative space and the working rhythms between production workers and cobots. Through a qualitative analysis of 115 case studies of companies using cobots and 14 semi-structured interviews with cobot manufacturers and users, we examine the usages of cobots in the manufacturing industry over the entire temporal spectrum from pre-introduction to completed implementation. We investigate how collaboration is understood and configured in industrial workplaces with collaborative robots (cobots). ![]()
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